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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dumpall</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[email protected]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_dumpall</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.23 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.13.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></h2><p>pg_dumpall — extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster into a script file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.13.4.1"><code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p> <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> is a utility for writing out
(<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dumping</span>”</span>) all <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases
of a cluster into one script file. The script file contains
<acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands that can be used as input to <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a> to restore the databases. It does this by
calling <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle">pg_dump</span></a> for each database in a cluster.
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> also dumps global objects
that are common to all databases.
(<span class="application">pg_dump</span> does not save these objects.)
This currently includes information about database users and
groups, tablespaces, and properties such as access permissions
that apply to databases as a whole.
</p><p> Since <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> reads tables from all
databases you will most likely have to connect as a database
superuser in order to produce a complete dump. Also you will need
superuser privileges to execute the saved script in order to be
allowed to add users and groups, and to create databases.
</p><p> The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Use the
<code class="option">-f</code>/<code class="option">--file</code> option or shell operators to
redirect it into a file.
</p><p> <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> needs to connect several
times to the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server (once per
database). If you use password authentication it will ask for
a password each time. It is convenient to have a
<code class="filename">~/.pgpass</code> file in such cases. See <a class="xref" href="libpq-pgpass.html" title="33.15. The Password File">Section 33.15</a> for more information.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.13.6"><h2>Options</h2><p> The following command-line options control the content and
format of the output.
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-a</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--data-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-c</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--clean</code></span></dt><dd><p> Include SQL commands to clean (drop) databases before
recreating them. <code class="command">DROP</code> commands for roles and
tablespaces are added as well.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--file=<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Send output to the specified file. If this is omitted, the
standard output is used.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-g</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--globals-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump only global objects (roles and tablespaces), no databases.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-o</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--oids</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump object identifiers (<acronym class="acronym">OID</acronym>s) as part of the
data for every table. Use this option if your application references
the <acronym class="acronym">OID</acronym>
columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint).
Otherwise, this option should not be used.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-O</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-owner</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> issues
<code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> or
<code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code>
statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
These statements
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <code class="option">-O</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-r</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--roles-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump only roles, no databases or tablespaces.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-s</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--schema-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--superuser=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is relevant only if <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code> is used.
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
resulting script as superuser.)
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-t</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--tablespaces-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump only tablespaces, no databases or roles.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-v</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--verbose</code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to output start/stop
times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error.
It will also enable verbose output in <span class="application">pg_dump</span>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-V</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p> Print the <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> version and exit.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-x</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-privileges</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-acl</code></span></dt><dd><p> Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--binary-upgrade</code></span></dt><dd><p> This option is for use by in-place upgrade utilities. Its use
for other purposes is not recommended or supported. The
behavior of the option may change in future releases without
notice.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--column-inserts</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--attribute-inserts</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump data as <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands with explicit
column names (<code class="literal">INSERT INTO
<em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>
(<em class="replaceable"><code>column</code></em>, ...) VALUES
...</code>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--disable-dollar-quoting</code></span></dt><dd><p> This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies,
and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--disable-triggers</code></span></dt><dd><p> This option is relevant only when creating a data-only dump.
It instructs <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to include commands
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
do not want to invoke during data reload.
</p><p> Presently, the commands emitted for <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code>
must be done as superuser. So, you should also specify
a superuser name with <code class="option">-S</code>, or preferably be careful to
start the resulting script as a superuser.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--if-exists</code></span></dt><dd><p> Use conditional commands (i.e., add an <code class="literal">IF EXISTS</code>
clause) to clean databases and other objects. This option is not valid
unless <code class="option">--clean</code> is also specified.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--inserts</code></span></dt><dd><p> Dump data as <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands (rather
than <code class="command">COPY</code>). This will make restoration very slow;
it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases. Note that
the restore might fail altogether if you have rearranged column order.
The <code class="option">--column-inserts</code> option is safer, though even
slower.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--lock-wait-timeout=<em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not wait forever to acquire shared table locks at the beginning of
the dump. Instead, fail if unable to lock a table within the specified
<em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em>. The timeout may be
specified in any of the formats accepted by <code class="command">SET
statement_timeout</code>. Allowed values vary depending on the server
version you are dumping from, but an integer number of milliseconds
is accepted by all versions since 7.3. This option is ignored when
dumping from a pre-7.3 server.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-publications</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not dump publications.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-role-passwords</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not dump passwords for roles. When restored, roles will have a
null password, and password authentication will always fail until the
password is set. Since password values aren't needed when this option
is specified, the role information is read from the catalog
view <code class="structname">pg_roles</code> instead
of <code class="structname">pg_authid</code>. Therefore, this option also
helps if access to <code class="structname">pg_authid</code> is restricted by
some security policy.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-security-labels</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not dump security labels.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-subscriptions</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not dump subscriptions.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-sync</code></span></dt><dd><p> By default, <code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> will wait for all files
to be written safely to disk. This option causes
<code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> to return without waiting, which is
faster, but means that a subsequent operating system crash can leave
the dump corrupt. Generally, this option is useful for testing
but should not be used when dumping data from production installation.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-tablespaces</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not output commands to create tablespaces nor select tablespaces
for objects.
With this option, all objects will be created in whichever
tablespace is the default during restore.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-unlogged-table-data</code></span></dt><dd><p> Do not dump the contents of unlogged tables. This option has no
effect on whether or not the table definitions (schema) are dumped;
it only suppresses dumping the table data.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--quote-all-identifiers</code></span></dt><dd><p> Force quoting of all identifiers. This option is recommended when
dumping a database from a server whose <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
major version is different from <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>'s, or when
the output is intended to be loaded into a server of a different
major version. By default, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> quotes only
identifiers that are reserved words in its own major version.
This sometimes results in compatibility issues when dealing with
servers of other versions that may have slightly different sets
of reserved words. Using <code class="option">--quote-all-identifiers</code> prevents
such issues, at the price of a harder-to-read dump script.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--use-set-session-authorization</code></span></dt><dd><p> Output SQL-standard <code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code> commands
instead of <code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> commands to determine object
ownership. This makes the dump more standards compatible, but
depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore
properly.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p> Show help about <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> command line
arguments, and exit.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p><p> The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--dbname=<em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies parameters used to connect to the server, as a <a class="link" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING" title="33.1.1. Connection Strings">connection string</a>; these
will override any conflicting command line options.
</p><p> The option is called <code class="literal">--dbname</code> for consistency with other
client applications, but because <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>
needs to connect to many databases, database name in the connection
string will be ignored. Use <code class="literal">-l</code> option to specify
the name of the database used to dump global objects and to discover
what other databases should be dumped.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-h <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--host=<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the host name of the machine on which the database
server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is
used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. The default
is taken from the <code class="envar">PGHOST</code> environment variable,
if set, else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--database=<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the name of the database to connect to for dumping global
objects and discovering what other databases should be dumped. If
not specified, the <code class="literal">postgres</code> database will be used,
and if that does not exist, <code class="literal">template1</code> will be used.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--port=<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <code class="envar">PGPORT</code> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--username=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> User name to connect as.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-w</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-password</code></span></dt><dd><p> Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
password authentication and a password is not available by
other means such as a <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> file, the
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
password.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-W</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--password</code></span></dt><dd><p> Force <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to prompt for a
password before connecting to a database.
</p><p> This option is never essential, since
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will automatically prompt
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
However, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will waste a
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
In some cases it is worth typing <code class="option">-W</code> to avoid the extra
connection attempt.
</p><p> Note that the password prompt will occur again for each database
to be dumped. Usually, it's better to set up a
<code class="filename">~/.pgpass</code> file than to rely on manual password entry.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--role=<em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Specifies a role name to be used to create the dump.
This option causes <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to issue a
<code class="command">SET ROLE</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em>
command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the
authenticated user (specified by <code class="option">-U</code>) lacks privileges
needed by <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>, but can switch to a role with
the required rights. Some installations have a policy against
logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows
dumps to be made without violating the policy.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.13.7"><h2>Environment</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGHOST</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGOPTIONS</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGPORT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGUSER</code></span></dt><dd><p> Default connection parameters
</p></dd></dl></div><p> This utility, like most other <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> utilities,
also uses the environment variables supported by <span class="application">libpq</span>
(see <a class="xref" href="libpq-envars.html" title="33.14. Environment Variables">Section 33.14</a>).
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.13.8"><h2>Notes</h2><p> Since <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> calls
<span class="application">pg_dump</span> internally, some diagnostic
messages will refer to <span class="application">pg_dump</span>.
</p><p> Once restored, it is wise to run <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> on each
database so the optimizer has useful statistics. You
can also run <code class="command">vacuumdb -a -z</code> to analyze all
databases.
</p><p> <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> requires all needed
tablespace directories to exist before the restore; otherwise,
database creation will fail for databases in non-default
locations.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-EX"><h2>Examples</h2><p> To dump all databases:
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_dumpall > db.out</code></strong></pre><p>
</p><p> To reload database(s) from this file, you can use:
</p><pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>psql -f db.out postgres</code></strong></pre><p>
(It is not important to which database you connect here since the
script file created by <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will
contain the appropriate commands to create and connect to the saved
databases.)
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.13.10"><h2>See Also</h2><p> Check <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle">pg_dump</span></a> for details on possible
error conditions.
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